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Influence of Western Painting on Post-Byzantine Icons
In post-Byzantine icon painting, artists sometimes used techniques and styles from Western European painting. Specific examples include linear perspective or pseudo-perspective, which create the...
Icon Painting Instructions in Hermenia
The Hermenia, written by Dionysios of Mount Athos, provides detailed instructions for painting religious scenes. For example, it includes guidance on how to paint...
Thalia Gouma-Peterson’s Perspective on Byzantinising
Another important view on this subject is offered by Thalia Gouma-Peterson. She explains the term “byzantinising” mainly from an art historical point of view....
Jewish Settlement under Antiochus III
The Jewish community in Sardis became even stronger during the rule of the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great. He ruled from 223 to...
The Main Church of Sardis (Church D)
On the north side of the present highway in Sardis, five large rectangular piers can still be seen standing in the field. These piers...
Early Christian Churches near the Temple of Artemis in Sardis
Archaeologists have uncovered two important churches to the right of the path that leads to the famous Temple of Artemis in Sardis. These churches...
The Hittite Relief near Sardis
Near ancient Sardis, a remarkable Hittite rock relief dates to the fourteenth century BCE. This relief shows a standing male figure holding a spear....
Christian Remains from Thyateira
The other remains connected with the Christian history of Thyateira are today displayed in the Manisa Archaeological Museum. These objects are modest in number,...
Those Who Remained Faithful
Despite the serious problems described in the letter to the church in Thyateira, St John makes it clear that not all believers had given...
Lakes of Hungary and Their Importance
Just as Hungary is rich in rivers, it is also home to several notable lakes. One of the most important is Lake Balaton, also...














